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Different layouts of Highway

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  In highway and road design and terminology, the terms you've mentioned typically refer to different types of road alignments or configurations. Here's how they are generally classified: Roundabout: A roundabout is a type of circular intersection or junction where traffic flows in one direction around a central island. It is designed to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance safety compared to traditional intersections with traffic signals or stop signs. Crossroad: A crossroad refers to an intersection where two roads cross each other at approximately right angles (90 degrees). Crossroads are common in urban and rural areas and typically have traffic signals, stop signs, or yield signs to control traffic flow. Straight Road: A straight road is a linear roadway segment that runs in a continuous straight line without significant curves or bends. Straight roads are common in highway design, especially in flat terrain where the landscape allows for minimal horizontal...
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Standard Stirrup Bends for Columns

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 In reinforced concrete construction, stirrups (also known as ties or hoops) are used to provide lateral support to vertical reinforcement bars (rebars) in columns. These stirrups help to confine the longitudinal reinforcement and enhance the column's resistance to forces such as bending and shear. The bends and configurations of stirrups in columns are typically standardized to ensure effective reinforcement and construction practices. Here are the standard stirrup bends commonly used in columns: Standard Stirrup Bends for Columns: U-Shaped Stirrups: Configuration: U-shaped stirrups are bent into a semi-circular or rectangular U-shape, with the legs of the U extending horizontally between vertical bars. Purpose: U-shaped stirrups are used to confine the vertical reinforcement bars and provide lateral support against buckling and shear forces. Closed Stirrups (Rectangular Stirrups): Configuration: Closed stirrups are bent into a rectangular shape, where the two legs of the stirr...
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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF SLABS

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  Standard reinforcing bars, also known as rebars, typically come in various sizes and weights. The dimensions and weights can vary somewhat depending on the specific standard used (such as ASTM in the United States or BS in the United Kingdom). Here are some common sizes and weights for reinforcing bars: Rebar Sizes : Rebars are usually designated by their nominal diameter in millimeters. Diameter : Common diameters range from 6 mm to 50 mm or more, with typical increments being 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, and 40 mm. Weights : The weight of a rebar can be calculated based on its diameter. The weight is usually specified in kilograms per meter (kg/m). Weight Calculation : The weight W W W of a rebar of diameter d d d in millimeters can be calculated using the formula: W = π × d 2 4 × Unit weight of rebar W = \frac{\pi \times d^2}{4} \times \text{Unit weight of rebar} W = 4 π × d 2 ​ × Unit weight of rebar Where: π \pi π (pi) is approximately 3.141...
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सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश स्थानीय सरकारी सेवा अन्तर्गत इञ्जिनियरिङ्ग सेवा, सिभिल समूह, स्यानिटरी उपसमूह, चौथो तह, खानेपानी तथा सरसफाइ टेक्निसियन पदको प्रतियोगितात्मक लिखित परीक्षा

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  प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश स्थानीय सरकारी सेवा अन्तर्गत इञ्जिनियरिङ्ग सेवा , सिभिल समूह , स्यानिटरी उपसमूह , चौथो तह , खानेपानी तथा सरसफाइ टेक्निसियन पदको प्रतियोगितात्मक लिखित परीक्षा परीक्षा मितिः २०८०।०६।२७ समय :- ४५ मिनेट                                                    वस्तुगत बहुवैकल्पिक (५० × २ अङ्क) :                                                      KEY (A) उत्तरपुस्तिकामा प्रश्नपत्रको Key अनिवार्य रुपले उल्लेख गर्नुपर्नेछ । उल्ले...
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